A podcast about the nervous system.
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About Pandemics, Epidemics, Outbreaks, Viruses, and Other Pathogens in History
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Notable Nobels is a podcast about the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded to scientists who have made notable discoveries in the fields of Life Science and Medicine, and these discoveries have a history of profoundly influencing society and civilization. Each episode covers the prize awarded for a particular year, and with over 100 years of prizes, there’s a lot to talk about!
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TWiN 55: A brain circuit for day/night balance
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TWiN explains the identification of a brain circuit and periodic branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment that regulates organismal adaptation to photoperiod change. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Tim Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Brain circuit for ph…
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TWiN 54: How pregnancy transforms the brain
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TWiN explores how pregnancy leads to modifications in brain structure and function that may prepare the mother for parenting. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Pregnancy transforms the brain (Nature) Hormone-mediated…
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Episode 24: Parasitic Worms 2015b
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This episode covers one half of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Campbell and Satoshi the award “for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites”. Topics include th…
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TWiN 53: Slowing time by cooling the brain
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Joseph Paton and Felipe Rodrigues join TWiN to explain how they used temperature manipulation to alter the speed of neuronal dynamics in the dorsal striatum of rats, a manipulation that selectively slowed down or sped up time perception, illuminating the mechanisms of time-based decisions. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, …
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TWiN 52: Probiotic improves social behavior in children with ASD
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Mauro Costa-Mattioli returns to TWiN to discuss the results of a placebo controlled, double blind clinical trial of a probiotic which improved social behavior but not autism severity in children with ASD. Hosts: Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Guest: Mauro Costa-Mattioli Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS L…
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TWiN 51: Sensory processing dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders
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TWiN reviews altered somatosensory reactivity, which is frequently observed among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and in mouse models the developmental timing of aberrant touch processing can predict the manifestation of ASD-associated behaviors in mouse models. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivian…
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Episode 23: Pharmacognosy - Drugs from Natural Sources 2015a
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This episode covers one half of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Tu Youyou. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Tu the award “for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against malaria”. Topics include Tu’s discovery of the anti-malarial drug artemisinin from an ancient Chinese text, …
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TWiN 50: Neurological sequelae after COVID-19
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TWiN reviews experiments which show that SARS-CoV-2 triggers the up-regulation of synaptic components and perturbs local electrical field potential in cerebral organoids, organotypic culture of human brain explants and post-mortem brain samples from individuals with COVID-19. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne M…
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TWiN 49: Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the fairest mouse of all?
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TWiN welcomes mice to the elite club of ‘self-aware’ animals, with a study demonstrating a mirror-induced self-directed behavior in mice resembling visual self-recognition. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Mice are …
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TWiN 48: Traumatic brain injury and retroviruses
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TWiN describes a study that reveals activation of endogenous retroviruses in oligodenroglia from patients with traumatic brain injury. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Timothy Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Activation of endogenous retroviruses in TBI oligo…
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Episode 22: mRNA Vaccines 2023
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This episode covers the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Karikó and Weissman the award “for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19…
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TWiN 47: Walking after spinal cord injury
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TWiN explains an amazing study of a man who was paralyzed after a spinal cord injury and regained the ability to walk after implantation of a brain-spinal cord interface. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Timothy Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Walking natura…
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TWiN 46: Neuronal activity promotes glioma progression
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TWiN explains research showing that interaction between glioma cells and neurons in the brain shares mechanistic features with synaptic plasticity that contributes to memory and learning in the healthy brain. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Timothy Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode M…
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TWiN 45: Acupuncture modulates the immune system
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TWiN discusses research showing that sciatic nerve activation with electroacupuncture at the sciatic nerve controls systemic inflammation and rescues mice from polymicrobial peritonitis, by inducing vagal activation of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, leading to the production of dopamine in the adrenal medulla. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason…
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Episode 21: Hepatitis C Virus 2020
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This episode covers the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton, and Charles M. Rice. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Alter, Houghton, and Rice the award “for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus”. Topics include the recognition that another hepatitis virus existe…
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TWiN 44: ADHD and persistent pain
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TWiN reviews a mouse model of ADHD to characterize hypersensitivity to pain, and that sensitization is further amplified in a pathological inflammatory state. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Timothy Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Pain hypersensitivity in A…
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TWiN 43: Pavlovian opioid tolerance
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TWiN discusses a study of on the pathways that control opioid analgesic tolerance, a root cause of opioid overdose and misuse, which can develop through an associative learning. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Timothy Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Associa…
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Episode 20: Hepatitis B Virus 1976a
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This episode covers one half of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Baruch S. Blumberg. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Blumberg the award “for [his] discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases”. Topics include the unusual research route …
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TWiN 42: Therapeutic effects of psychedelic drugs
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TWiN explains how psychedelic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA, which are being explored for treating a wide range of neuropsychiatric diseases, reopen the social reward period for critical learning. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Timothy Cheung Click arrow to play Download TWiN 042 (34 MB .mp3, 57 min) Subscribe (free): Appl…
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TWiN 41: Alzheimer's and melanin-concentrating hormone
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Vivianne explains how early in Alzheimer’s disease, the brain attempts to counteract the increased excitatory drive caused by amyloid deposition, and that melanin-concentrating hormone, produced during sleep, is involved in this protective response. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): A…
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TWiN 40: Dopamine organizes behavior's syllables
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Tim takes TWiN through two studies on the role of dopamine: that syllables are natural units of spontaneous behavior used by the brain to structure action, and that mesolimbic dopamine release conveys causal associations but not reward prediction errors, thereby challenging the dominant theory of reward learning. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Sh…
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Episode 19: Cervical Cancer and HPV 2008b
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This episode covers one half of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Harald zur Hausen. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give zur Hausen the award “for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer”. Topics include the use of Pap smears to screen for cervical cancer, zur Haus…
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TWiN 39: Virus-like capsids trigger paraneoplastic disease
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Junjie from Jason’s lab joins TWiN to discuss the observation that the cell gene PNMA2 encodes non-enveloped virus-like capsids that induce autoantibodies which underlie paraneoplastic syndrome. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Junjie Xu Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode Micr…
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TWiN 38: Bacterial immunity heals sensory neurons
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TWiN explains the finding that immunity to commensal bacteria promotes sensory neuron regeneration via the cytokine interleukin-17A. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Ori Lieberman, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Immunity to the microbiota promote…
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Episode 18: HIV/AIDS 2008a
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This episode covers one half of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to Luc Montagnier and Françoise Barré-Sinoussi. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Montagnier and Barré-Sinoussi the award “for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus”. Topics include how the AIDS pandemic unfolded at…
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TWiN 37: Microglia at the crossroads
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TWiN reviews the field of microgial research, which has advanced in recent decades but is constrained by nomenclature that is necessary but often implies specific functions. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode Microglia states …
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TWiN 36: Unbearable neurologists
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TWiN answers listener questions about Alzheimer’s disease, glaucoma and the microbiota, Dravet’s Syndrome, schizophrenia, brain development, and chips implanted in the human brain. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode Letters re…
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Episode 17: Retroviruses and Reverse Transcriptase 1975
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This episode covers the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, and Howard Temin. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Baltimore, Dulbecco, and Temin the award “for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cel…
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TWiN 35: Neuromodulation in treatment-resistant depression
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Jason and Tim review the use of an implanted chronic deep brain sensing and stimulation device to carry out biomarker-driven closed-loop therapy that resulted in a rapid and sustained improvement in depression. Hosts: Jason Shepherd and Timothy Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Closed-loop n…
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TWiN 34: Microglia vital after spinal cord injury
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TWiN explains how central nervous system resident macrophages known as microglia coordinate cellular interactions during spinal cord repair in mice. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Microglia coordinate spinal cord re…
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Episode 16: Src and the Essence of Cancer 1989
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This episode covers the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to J. Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chose to give Bishop and Varmus the award “for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes”. Topics include Bishop and Varmus’ discovery of the first cellular…
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TWiN 33: Viruses leaving the brain
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TWiN describes how neurotropic viruses leave the brain via meningeal lymphatic vessels located dorsally and basally beneath the skull. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Ori Lieberman, Jason Shepherd, and Timothy Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Meningeal lymph vessels and viral exit from brain (Na…
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TWiN 32: Relearning how to move after stroke
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TWiN reviews how, in a mouse stroke model, recovery of movement is associated with the remaining cortex and the striatum coordinating their activity together. Hosts: Ori Lieberman, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Recovery after stroke in mice (Cell Rep) Times…
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TWiN 31: HIV-1 co-receptor shapes window for memory linking
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TWiN explains the observation that in mice, the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 closes the temporal window for linking different memories. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode CCR5 and memory linking (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene.…
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TWiN 30: Gut to brain spread of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease
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TWiN describes experiments demonstrating that gut injection of alpha-synuclein fibrils in mice converts endogenous alpha-synuclein to a pathologic form that spreads to the brain and leads to features of Parkinson’s disease. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Ori Lieberman, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcas…
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TWiN 29: Astrocytes close the critical period
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TWiN explains the finding that in the mouse visual cortex, astrocytes are key elements in the experience-dependent wiring of brain circuits. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiN! Links for this episode Astrocytes close t…
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A review of a few basics. The end. 7 min Pandemics & Pathogens Past & Present Podcast chemsmith1@gmail.com Facebook Twitter @chemsmith Instagram @timcsmith1961 Direct Link to episodeDoor Tim C. Smith
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What are extinct isotopes and what do they tell us? 10 min Pandemics & Pathogens Past & Present Podcast chemsmith1@gmail.com Facebook Twitter @chemsmith Instagram @timcsmith1961 Direct Link to episodeDoor Tim C. Smith
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What’s an RTG? How does it work? RTG accidents. 12 min Pandemics & Pathogens Past & Present Podcast chemsmith1@gmail.com Facebook Twitter @chemsmith Instagram @timcsmith1961 Direct Link to episodeDoor Tim C. Smith
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Have isotopes been used to kill people? Of course they have. 12 min Pandemics & Pathogens Past & Present Podcast chemsmith1@gmail.com Facebook Twitter @chemsmith Instagram @timcsmith1961 Direct Link to episodeDoor Tim C. Smith
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TWiN 28: Oligodendrocyte performance enhancing exosomes
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TWiN reveals how oligodendrocytes enhance axonal energy metabolism by transcellular delivery of a protein, SIRT2, that deacetylates mitochondrial proteins. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Click arrow to play Download TWiN 028 (77 MB .mp3, 64 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a…
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Methods to detects isotopes. The Geiger counter. The scintillation counter. Mass spectrometry. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 11 min Pandemics & Pathogens Past & Present Podcast chemsmith1@gmail.com Facebook Twitter @chemsmith Instagram @timcsmith1961 Direct Link to episodeDoor Tim C. Smith
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What is a decay series? A few extra facts about Uranium. 12 min Pandemics & Pathogens Past & Present Podcast chemsmith1@gmail.com Facebook Twitter @chemsmith Instagram @timcsmith1961 Direct Link to episodeDoor Tim C. Smith
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How does a U-235 atomic bomb work? How does fission work. What’s a chain reaction? 9 min Pandemics & Pathogens Past & Present Podcast chemsmith1@gmail.com Facebook Twitter @chemsmith Instagram @timcsmith1961 Direct Link to episodeDoor Tim C. Smith
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